Cotton Pygmy Goose
(Records )
Nettapus coromandelianus
7
7
Complete: from Jul 2016 onwards
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Garganey
(Records )
Spatula querquedula
23
0
Complete
Garganey Spatula querquedula
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Bar chart not displayed for this species; no records in the given time period.
This used to be the only migratory duck in Singapore with annual sightings, but sightings have completely dried up recently. Out of six migratory ducks in Singapore, this is the only species with no confirmed records since 2007. The last record was in 2001.
Northern Shoveler
(Records )
Spatula clypeata
8
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Bar chart not displayed for this species; no records in the given time period.
Last record of this rare vagrant was in Dec 2008. There have been recent records in Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah.
Gadwall
(Records )
Mareca strepera
2
1
Complete
Gadwall Mareca strepera
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
With only one historical record of one bird in Punggol in 1989, the sighting of five birds together at Sungei Buloh in Dec 2020 came as quite a surprise.
Eurasian Wigeon
(Records )
Mareca penelope
2
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Recent record: one male at Kranji on 23 Dec 2018.
Northern Pintail
(Records )
Anas acuta
5
2
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Another rare vagrant duck, with two records in the last decade.
Tufted Duck
(Records )
Aythya fuligula
2
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Migratory ducks are remarkably hard to come by in Singapore, and don't stay long when they show up. This species is no exception, with only one recent record in Dec 2020.
Malaysian Eared Nightjar
(Records )
Lyncornis temminckii
25
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Whiskered Treeswift
(Records )
Hemiprocne comata
5
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Silver-rumped Spinetail
(Records )
Rhaphidura leucopygialis
1
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
White-throated Needletail
(Records )
Hirundapus caudacutus
35
34
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Only recorded as a passage migrant, and nearly all records are from mid-Oct to mid-Nov with only a few sporadic records on northward passage in Mar and Apr.
Silver-backed Needletail
(Records )
Hirundapus cochinchinensis
11
11
Complete: from Jul 2016 onwards
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2016 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Nov 12-Nov 18, Nov 19-Nov 25
All confirmed records in the last 10 years have come during the months of Oct and Nov, and mostly seen at the end of Nov.
Brown-backed Needletail
(Records )
Hirundapus giganteus
4
4
In progress: from Jul 2018 onwards
Estimated average number of individuals by week based on eBird data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
Peak weeks Mar 19-Mar 25, Oct 29-Nov 04, Nov 12-Nov 18
Usually seen during the raptor migration period in Oct and Nov. Decent views or photographs are required to rule out the similar Silver-backed Needletail, which has a slightly paler throat.
Common Swift
(Records )
Apus apus
3
3
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Oct 08-Oct 14, Oct 22-Oct 28, Nov 05-Nov 11
Both of this species's records in Singapore were in Oct 2020. It lacks the white rump of the similar and much more common Pacific Swift.
Jacobin Cuckoo
(Records )
Clamator jacobinus
2
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Feb 12-Feb 18, Feb 19-Feb 25, Feb 26-Mar 04 (2 more)
Two past records, both at Lorong Halus, and perhaps just the same bird returning two years in a row: 2013-14 and 2014-15.
Asian Emerald Cuckoo
(Records )
Chrysococcyx maculatus
4
4
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Jan 01-Jan 07, Dec 24-Dec 30
Recently recorded from Dec to Apr, but appearances more likely timed with large caterpillar hatches.
Horsfield's Bronze Cuckoo
(Records )
Chrysococcyx basalis
27
14
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
An austral migrant breeding in Australia. Most birds winter in the Lesser Sundas, and some reach Singapore from Apr to Aug.
Himalayan Cuckoo
(Records )
Cuculus saturatus
2
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Bar chart not displayed for this species; no records in the given time period.
Difficulty in separating this species from the visually identical Oriental Cuckoo (which has not yet been confirmed to occur in Singapore) has led to a low number of proven records.
Oriental Turtle Dove
(Records )
Streptopelia orientalis
3
3
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
One past record in Nov 2018 on St John's Island.
Cinnamon-headed Green Pigeon
(Records )
Treron fulvicollis
32
22
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Little Green Pigeon
(Records )
Treron olax
16
2
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Orange-breasted Green Pigeon
(Records )
Treron bicinctus
1
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Ashy-headed Green Pigeon
(Records )
Treron phayrei
1
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Only one record of this species in Singapore, from Oct 2021. Perhaps we need to spend more time and care looking closely at the green pigeons to find a rarity like this?
Mountain Imperial Pigeon
(Records )
Ducula badia
2
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Masked Finfoot
(Records )
Heliopais personatus
3
0
Complete
Grey-headed Swamphen
(Records )
Porphyrio poliocephalus
3
3
Complete: from Jul 2016 onwards
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Black-backed Swamphen
(Records )
Porphyrio indicus
2
2
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Band-bellied Crake
(Records )
Zapornia paykullii
4
4
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
A globally rare migrant. Like other crakes, can remain inconspicuous and difficult to see. Past records have all been in Jan or later.
Slaty-legged Crake
(Records )
Rallina eurizonoides
14
8
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Jan 01-Jan 07, Nov 19-Nov 25, Dec 03-Dec 09 (2 more)
A rare migrant crake, possibly overlooked due to its secretive habits.
Little Grebe
(Records )
Tachybaptus ruficollis
10
10
Complete: from Jul 2016 onwards
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Beach Stone-curlew
(Records )
Esacus magnirostris
8
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Black-winged Stilt
(Records )
Himantopus himantopus
28
15
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Recent breeding on Pulau Tekong has confirmed this species has a small resident population in Singapore. Other sporadic appearances may be of migrants or visitors from the surrounding region.
Pied Stilt
(Records )
Himantopus leucocephalus
5
5
Complete
Pied Stilt Himantopus leucocephalus
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2012 to Jun 2022
(all records )
Breeding records have been noted for some years on Pulau Tekong, and this species is rapidly spreading north into Peninsular Malaysia – when will this species finally appear on our main island?
Grey-headed Lapwing
(Records )
Vanellus cinereus
10
8
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Nov 12-Nov 18, Dec 10-Dec 16, Dec 17-Dec 23 (1 more)
The recent discovery of hundreds of Grey-headed Lapwings wintering on coastal sites in northern Sumatra suggests this species may be a relatively frequent but underdetected vagrant to Singapore.
Common Ringed Plover
(Records )
Charadrius hiaticula
21
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Bar chart not displayed for this species; no records in the given time period.
The last record of this shorebird in Singapore was in Oct 1995 at Sungei Buloh.
White-faced Plover
(Records )
Charadrius dealbatus
22
14
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Jan 01-Jan 07, Jan 08-Jan 14, Jan 15-Jan 21 (4 more)
While the earliest records are are in Sep, this species is only really regular from end Oct to Feb, when recently many birds have been observed wintering at Marina East.
Javan Plover
(Records )
Charadrius javanicus
1
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Greater Sand Plover
(Records )
Charadrius leschenaultii
19
19
Complete: from Jul 2016 onwards
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2016 to Jun 2023
(all records )
An uncommon wader, with most records in August and September. Often associates with Lesser Sand Plover.
Oriental Plover
(Records )
Charadrius veredus
11
4
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Although this species is known to breed in northern China and Mongolia, and winters in Australia, records are few in southeast Asia and even in the Indonesian archipelago. Vagrants to Singapore may be seen at any time of the season, with the earliest record in Sep.
Pheasant-tailed Jacana
(Records )
Hydrophasianus chirurgus
36
10
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
A locally rare waterbird occasionally recorded in Singapore. Despite the name, only breeding-plumaged birds are truly "pheasant-tailed". During the winter months, birds have short tails.
Little Curlew
(Records )
Numenius minutus
2
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Bar chart not displayed for this species; no records in the given time period.
Only two past confirmed records: Oct/Nov 1997, at Tuas; and Apr 1998, at Sungei Buloh.
Far Eastern Curlew
(Records )
Numenius madagascariensis
4
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Bar chart not displayed for this species; no records in the given time period.
Only five past accepted records, with the most recent one on 3 Nov 2007 at Sungei Buloh.
Eurasian Curlew
(Records )
Numenius arquata
12
12
Complete: from Jul 2016 onwards
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2016 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Scanning through a flock of Eurasian Whimbrels, you may be lucky enough to see a paler, larger, and longer-billed Eurasian Curlew – or perhaps even a Far Eastern Curlew!
Black-tailed Godwit
(Records )
Limosa limosa
11
11
Complete: from Jul 2016 onwards
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2016 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Check in flocks of Common Redshank and Eurasian Whimbrel for a sighting of this scarce migrant.
Great Knot
(Records )
Calidris tenuirostris
11
11
Complete: from Jul 2016 onwards
Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2016 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Yet another increasingly scarce wader in Singapore, but typically at least one record every season. Best sites in recent years have been Chek Jawa, Seletar Dam, and Sungei Buloh.
Red Knot
(Records )
Calidris canutus
6
2
Complete
Red Knot Calidris canutus
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Apr 02-Apr 08, Sep 03-Sep 09
After 24 years without a record in Singapore, two sightings were reported during the 2021-22 season. Will we see more this season?
Ruff
(Records )
Calidris pugnax
20
1
Complete
Ruff Calidris pugnax
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Only one record in the last 10 years: in Dec 2016 at Sungei Buloh.
Broad-billed Sandpiper
(Records )
Calidris falcinellus
8
8
Complete: from Jul 2016 onwards
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2016 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Jan 15-Jan 21, Jan 22-Jan 28, Jan 29-Feb 04
Another increasingly rare wader, with most of its records in recent years coming in the month of Sep. Look out for them in flocks of other shorebirds.
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper
(Records )
Calidris acuminata
4
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2016 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Bar chart not displayed for this species; no records in the given time period.
The last record of this rare shorebird in Singapore was in Nov 2001 at Tanah Merah.
Long-toed Stint
(Records )
Calidris subminuta
21
21
Complete: from Jul 2016 onwards
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2016 to Jun 2023
(all records )
A scarce wader of flooded grasslands and other freshwater wetlands. Most records in September and October, but some birds are present through the winter.
Spoon-billed Sandpiper
(Records )
Calidris pygmaea
3
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Bar chart not displayed for this species; no records in the given time period.
Among the world's rarest birds, with its estimated population numbering less than 1000 birds. Last local record was in 2000.
Sanderling
(Records )
Calidris alba
9
9
Complete: from Jul 2016 onwards
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2016 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Most records of this rare wader in the last 10 years have been from the months of Oct-Nov.
Little Stint
(Records )
Calidris minuta
2
2
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
The only two records of this rare wader in Singapore have come since 2017. Difficulty in separation from Red-necked Stint is a significant challenge in identifying individuals of this species.
Pectoral Sandpiper
(Records )
Calidris melanotos
1
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Bar chart not displayed for this species; no records in the given time period.
Few freshwater wetlands capable of supporting this species remain in Singapore.
Asian Dowitcher
(Records )
Limnodromus semipalmatus
9
9
Complete: from Jul 2016 onwards
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2016 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Sightings in the last 10 years of this increasingly rare migrant have all been in the months of August, September, and October.
Swinhoe's Snipe
(Records )
Gallinago megala
11
5
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Jan 01-Jan 07, Jan 15-Jan 21, Jan 22-Jan 28 (3 more)
Much rarer than Pin-tailed Snipe, but possibly overloooked due to difficulty in separation from that species. Indeed, large numbers of snipes are left unidentified by observers, and with lots of effort, it is probably possible to pick out one of these among a large enough group of snipes.
Red-necked Phalarope
(Records )
Phalaropus lobatus
5
3
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
One record of 14 birds on 28 Sep 2019 is the highest ever count of this species in Singapore. Two of its five records are from pelagic trips.
Green Sandpiper
(Records )
Tringa ochropus
10
4
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Jan 08-Jan 14, Jan 15-Jan 21
After two consecutive seasons with sporadic sightings at Lim Chu Kang Lane 3, this bird was not reported in the 2021-22 season.
Grey-tailed Tattler
(Records )
Tringa brevipes
8
8
Complete: from Jul 2016 onwards
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2016 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Aug 13-Aug 19, Sep 03-Sep 09, Dec 03-Dec 09
This species is becoming increasingly difficult to find, with the only reported sightings since 2016 coming from Pulau Ubin and Pulau Tekong.
Spotted Redshank
(Records )
Tringa erythropus
7
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Bar chart not displayed for this species; no records in the given time period.
Last record of this vagrant wader was in Sep 1996 at Seletar.
Nordmann's Greenshank
(Records )
Tringa guttifer
4
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Bar chart not displayed for this species; no records in the given time period.
The last record of this endangered wader was in Nov 2008 at Sungei Buloh.
Small Pratincole
(Records )
Glareola lactea
5
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Bar chart not displayed for this species; bar chart not displayed for this species; no records in the given time period.
Much smaller than Oriental Pratincole. Occurs in wetlands; usually winters in India, Thailand, and Myanmar but recorded as a vagrant in Singapore.
Brown-headed Gull
(Records )
Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus
3
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Bar chart not displayed for this species; no records in the given time period.
Similar to the Black-headed Gull, but much rarer. Last recorded in Dec 1999.
Black-headed Gull
(Records )
Chroicocephalus ridibundus
32
8
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Most common gull in Singapore, but still a rare species which is recorded very infrequently. Most recent records have fallen from mid-Dec to mid-Jan.
Gull-billed Tern
(Records )
Gelochelidon nilotica
37
17
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2012 to Jun 2022
(all records )
Mid-September appears to be the peak time for this rare visitor. This is usually the period when a few are seen in coastal locations, mainly in the north of Singapore.
Caspian Tern
(Records )
Hydroprogne caspia
5
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Another very rare migrant with only one confirmed record since 2012; all three sightings since 2006 have been from the Mandai Mudflat area.
Common Tern
(Records )
Sterna hirundo
18
18
Complete: from Jul 2016 onwards
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2016 to Jun 2023
(all records )
While historical records from Singapore's northern coast exist, all sightings in the past 10 years have been from the Singapore Strait.
Pomarine Jaeger
(Records )
Stercorarius pomarinus
2
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Bar chart not displayed for this species; no records in the given time period.
Singapore's rarest jaeger species, with only two past records from the Singapore Straits in Nov 2010 and Mar 2011.
Parasitic Jaeger
(Records )
Stercorarius parasiticus
13
8
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
A pelagic trip in October would be the best way to find one of these, but many recent sightings have come from outside Singapore's territorial waters.
Long-tailed Jaeger
(Records )
Stercorarius longicaudus
6
2
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Sporadically recorded during the peak pelagic migration months (Oct, Apr/May), but not seen since 2018.
White-tailed Tropicbird
(Records )
Phaethon lepturus
1
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
The only record of this species in Singapore so far was of a rescued bird in Jun 2015.
Wedge-tailed Shearwater
(Records )
Ardenna pacifica
2
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
One of the rarest seabirds in Singapore. Both past records have been of vagrants appearing inland, possibly blown ashore by weather conditions.
Short-tailed Shearwater
(Records )
Ardenna tenuirostris
15
13
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Best seen in April and May, when this species migrates through the Singapore Straits annually.
Bulwer's Petrel
(Records )
Bulweria bulwerii
3
3
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Apr 23-Apr 29, Apr 30-May 06, Nov 12-Nov 18
Another recent addition to the Singapore checklist, with the first confirmed record in 2016.
Asian Openbill
(Records )
Anastomus oscitans
9
7
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Bar chart not displayed for this species; the large influx in late 2019 with birds lingering behind into 2021, means a bar chart is not a proper representation of this species's abundance.
A massive influx of this species in Dec 2019 was one of the most interesting events in recent Singapore birding history.
Christmas Frigatebird
(Records )
Fregata andrewsi
7
2
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2012 to Jun 2022
(all records )
One of two rare frigatebirds recorded in Singapore. A recent record from Marina East Drive moved this species from the Annex of the Singapore Bird Checklist (for species recorded in the Singapore Straits outside Singapore territorial waters) into Category A.
Lesser Frigatebird
(Records )
Fregata ariel
16
6
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2012 to Jun 2022
(all records )
The more frequently-encountered of the two frigatebird species recorded in Singapore, although still a very rare species.
Masked Booby
(Records )
Sula dactylatra
1
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2012 to Jun 2022
(all records )
Only record of this species in Singapore was a single rescued bird on 30 Aug 2018.
Red-footed Booby
(Records )
Sula sula
9
7
Complete
Brown Booby
(Records )
Sula leucogaster
4
2
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2012 to Jun 2022
(all records )
Another rare seabird, usually recorded out at sea. One of the recent records was from the Johor Straits, and the bird was visible from the platform at Sungei Buloh.
Black-headed Ibis
(Records )
Threskiornis melanocephalus
1
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Oct 29-Nov 04, Nov 05-Nov 11
Glossy Ibis
(Records )
Plegadis falcinellus
6
2
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks May 07-May 13, Sep 24-Sep 30
Two records in the past 10 years: in Sep 2019 at Kranji Dam, and in May 2022 at Lorong Halus.
Indian Pond Heron
(Records )
Ardeola grayii
19
17
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Bar chart not displayed for this species; pond herons are only identifiable when they are in breeding plumage, so a bar chart would not offer a proper representation of this species's abundance at different times of the year.
Recorded annually in recent years, although this species was historically much rarer. Only identifiable in breeding plumage, usually in Mar-May.
Chinese Egret
(Records )
Egretta eulophotes
15
15
Complete: from Jul 2016 onwards
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2016 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Most records recently have come from Chek Jawa; the largest numbers are usually recorded in the spring months.
Himalayan Vulture
(Records )
Gyps himalayensis
21
12
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Recorded every year from 2019 to 2022 in the latter part of Dec and early Jan, suggesting they may be wandering to the Malay peninsula more frequently than before.
Cinereous Vulture
(Records )
Aegypius monachus
1
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
An extraordinary record of a single bird together with Himalayan Vultures was one of the highlights of the 2021-22 migratory season.
Short-toed Snake Eagle
(Records )
Circaetus gallicus
25
13
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
A very rare but quite distinctive raptor with records mostly from Oct to Dec.
Bat Hawk
(Records )
Macheiramphus alcinus
3
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Booted Eagle
(Records )
Hieraaetus pennatus
20
20
Complete: from Jul 2016 onwards
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2016 to Jun 2023
(all records )
The biggest number of individuals appear to pass through in the second week of Nov. Pale morph birds are less frequently observed than dark morphs in Singapore.
Steppe Eagle
(Records )
Aquila nipalensis
6
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Bar chart not displayed for this species; no records in the given time period.
No records since Feb 1999, when one bird was seen at Lorong Halus.
Eastern Imperial Eagle
(Records )
Aquila heliaca
8
2
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Jan 01-Jan 07, Jan 08-Jan 14, Nov 05-Nov 11 (2 more)
One recent record: at Chek Jawa in Dec 2016-Jan 2017. A rather rare raptor not just in Singapore but elsewhere in southeast Asia too.
Shikra
(Records )
Accipiter badius
3
2
Complete
Shikra Accipiter badius
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Oct 22-Oct 28, Nov 19-Nov 25
A very common raptor further north, migrating through Thailand in the thousands, but very few confirmed records in Singapore.
Besra
(Records )
Accipiter virgatus
12
10
Complete
Besra Accipiter virgatus
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Oct 15-Oct 21, Nov 05-Nov 11, Nov 12-Nov 18
One of the rare Accipiter species of Singapore. Five records across two years in 2019 and 2020, but none in 2021.
Eurasian Sparrowhawk
(Records )
Accipiter nisus
6
5
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Among the rarest raptors in Singapore. Most sightings have been in the later half of the main raptor migration period or even later in the season.
Pied Harrier
(Records )
Circus melanoleucos
28
28
Complete: from Jul 2016 onwards
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2016 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Like most other scarce migrant raptors, no longer winters in Singapore due to habitat loss. Most recent records have come in November.
Eastern Buzzard
(Records )
Buteo japonicus
2
2
In progress: from Jul 2016 onwards
Estimated average number of individuals by week based on eBird data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
Peak weeks Nov 05-Nov 11, Nov 19-Nov 25
We're currently trying to figure out the relative abundance of the two Buteos recorded in Singapore (Common and Eastern). Look out for them in Oct and Nov, and do share your pictures online!
Common Buzzard
(Records )
Buteo buteo
2
2
In progress: from Jul 2016 onwards
Estimated average number of individuals by week based on eBird data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
It's currently unclear which is the more common of the two Buteos recorded in Singapore (Common and Eastern). But both species are hard to find outside of their main migratory period in late Oct and early Nov.
Northern Boobook
(Records )
Ninox japonica
27
25
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak migration for this species occurs in the first half of Nov, although it's occasionally sighted outside of this period. Teardrop-shaped underpart markings, compared to heart-shaped markings in Brown Boobook, are the main identification feature.
Short-eared Owl
(Records )
Asio flammeus
7
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
This species prefers large, open spaces with tall trees, and normally winters further north, so recent records in Singapore have been few and far between.
Barred Eagle-Owl
(Records )
Ketupa sumatrana
39
29
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Brown Wood Owl
(Records )
Strix leptogrammica
5
2
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
White-crowned Hornbill
(Records )
Berenicornis comatus
2
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Black Hornbill
(Records )
Anthracoceros malayanus
17
12
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Pied Kingfisher
(Records )
Ceryle rudis
1
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Bar chart not displayed for this species; no records in the given time period.
Only one past record, at Punggol on 18 Sep 1994.
White-bellied Woodpecker
(Records )
Dryocopus javensis
28
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Crimson-winged Woodpecker
(Records )
Picus puniceus
8
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Buff-rumped Woodpecker
(Records )
Meiglyptes grammithorax
6
5
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Great Slaty Woodpecker
(Records )
Mulleripicus pulverulentus
5
3
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Black-thighed Falconet
(Records )
Microhierax fringillarius
9
5
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Lesser Kestrel
(Records )
Falco naumanni
2
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Bar chart not displayed for this species; no records in the given time period.
Two confirmed records for Singapore, both from Changi, in 2001 and 2010. Difficult to separate from the more common Common Kestrel.
Common Kestrel
(Records )
Falco tinnunculus
17
17
Complete: from Jul 2016 onwards
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2016 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Nov 05-Nov 11, Nov 12-Nov 18
To see this species without having to break your neck and squint your eyes at Henderson Waves, try looking out for one at a grassland area in the winter. Recently, there have been sightings at Marina East Drive and Seletar.
Amur Falcon
(Records )
Falco amurensis
4
3
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Apart from a very popular bird at Lorong Halus in late 2021, all other previous records were of birds just passing through Singapore.
Eurasian Hobby
(Records )
Falco subbuteo
1
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Only one confirmed record for Singapore in Oct 2020 at Henderson Waves.
Black-and-red Broadbill
(Records )
Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos
12
10
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Green Broadbill
(Records )
Calyptomena viridis
3
3
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Fairy Pitta
(Records )
Pitta nympha
2
2
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Oct 29-Nov 04, Nov 05-Nov 11, Nov 12-Nov 18
A beautiful and brightly-colored pitta, yet little is known about its migration habits. Could it be a more regular migrant to Singapore than we think?
Black-winged Flycatcher-shrike
(Records )
Hemipus hirundinaceus
15
13
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Large Woodshrike
(Records )
Tephrodornis virgatus
2
2
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Scarlet Minivet
(Records )
Pericrocotus speciosus
21
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Lesser Cuckooshrike
(Records )
Lalage fimbriata
4
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Mangrove Whistler
(Records )
Pachycephala cinerea
19
19
Complete: from Jul 2016 onwards
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
White-bellied Erpornis
(Records )
Erpornis zantholeuca
1
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Hair-crested Drongo
(Records )
Dicrurus hottentottus
1
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Singapore's first and only record so far was of one bird at Changi Business Park on 26 Nov 2019.
Ashy Drongo
(Records )
Dicrurus leucophaeus
33
14
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Two main flavours with several subspecies of this bird in Singapore. Pale grey forms are distinctive, while the darker nigrescens race requires more care as Black Drongo can be quite similar.
Black Drongo
(Records )
Dicrurus macrocercus
10
10
Complete: from Jul 2016 onwards
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2016 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Recent sightings towards the end of Nov suggest that may be the best time of year to look for this rare migrant.
Black-naped Monarch
(Records )
Hypothymis azurea
20
6
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Indian Paradise Flycatcher
(Records )
Terpsiphone paradisi
3
3
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Nov 12-Nov 18, Nov 26-Dec 02, Dec 03-Dec 09 (3 more)
The rarest paradise flycatcher in Singapore with just two past records, both at Sungei Buloh.
Malayan Black Magpie
(Records )
Platysmurus leucopterus
1
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Japanese Tit
(Records )
Parus minor
6
4
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Apr 09-Apr 15, Nov 05-Nov 11, Nov 12-Nov 18 (3 more)
Sporadically recorded in the 2019-2020 season at different sites across the island including Pasir Ris Park and Tuas South.
Eurasian Skylark
(Records )
Alauda arvensis
1
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Oct 29-Nov 04, Nov 05-Nov 11, Nov 12-Nov 18
Only one record of this species in Singapore: in Nov 2018 at Pandan Reservoir.
Streaked Bulbul
(Records )
Ixos malaccensis
24
15
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Black-and-white Bulbul
(Records )
Microtarsus melanoleucos
2
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Sand Martin
(Records )
Riparia riparia
12
12
Complete: from Jul 2016 onwards
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2016 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Recorded sporadically throughout the raptor migration period and in the winter months.
Siberian House Martin
(Records )
Delichon lagopodum
2
2
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Jan 01-Jan 07, Dec 24-Dec 30
Only two past records: in Jan and Dec 2021. It's unclear whether any of the house martins seen during the raptor migration period (Oct-Nov) are this species.
Dusky Warbler
(Records )
Phylloscopus fuscatus
7
5
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Mar 05-Mar 11, Dec 24-Dec 30
Recorded three times from 2019-2022, and an abundant migrant in favourable habitat further north in southeast Asia. Could it be overlooked in Singapore?
Sakhalin Leaf Warbler
(Records )
Phylloscopus borealoides
19
19
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
An annual migrant to Singapore in recent years, since the first confirmed sighting in 2013. Indistinguishable from Pale-legged Leaf Warbler without hearing its call (slightly lower pitched) or song (which is extremely different from Pale-legged).
Pale-legged Leaf Warbler
(Records )
Phylloscopus tenellipes
1
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Jan 01-Jan 07, Jan 08-Jan 14, Jan 15-Jan 21 (11 more)
Only one past record, from MacRitchie Reservoir in 2021-22. The call needs to be heard to separate it from the visually identical Sakhalin Leaf Warbler.
Booted Warbler
(Records )
Iduna caligata
1
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Jan 01-Jan 07, Jan 08-Jan 14, Jan 15-Jan 21 (12 more)
This species has a wide breeding range in the Palearctic, wintering mostly in India. Vagrants have been recorded as far east as Japan, and as far west as Spain.
Moustached Babbler
(Records )
Malacopteron magnirostre
9
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
White-chested Babbler
(Records )
Pellorneum rostratum
74
2
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Velvet-fronted Nuthatch
(Records )
Sitta frontalis
1
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Red-billed Starling
(Records )
Spodiopsar sericeus
6
4
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Previously considered only an escapee, but recent sightings in southeast Asia suggest that this species is likely to occur as a vagrant.
White-cheeked Starling
(Records )
Spodiopsar cineraceus
2
2
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Another rare vagrant starling. Favours open grassland habitats, sometimes joining other starlings in mixed flocks.
Chestnut-cheeked Starling
(Records )
Agropsar philippensis
8
7
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
A truly difficult species to twitch – although it has more than one record per year on average since 2019, repeated efforts to relocate reported birds have often proved futile.
Brahminy Starling
(Records )
Sturnia pagodarum
6
3
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Feb 05-Feb 11, Feb 12-Feb 18, Feb 19-Feb 25 (6 more)
Bar chart not displayed for this species; several possible escapee records create a poor quality bar chart; refer to the species page (linked above).
One of the several rare vagrant starlings in Singapore. As it is recorded in the captive bird trade, some of Singapore's records may be of escapee origin.
Rosy Starling
(Records )
Pastor roseus
18
7
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
A rare vagrant to Singapore with records during various parts of the migratory season.
Common Starling
(Records )
Sturnus vulgaris
1
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Another vagrant from the 2021-22 season, this bird was seen for a few days at Marina East Drive.
Chinese Blackbird
(Records )
Turdus mandarinus
1
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Breeding in central and eastern China, with some populations wintering in southern China, this species is a rare vagrant in southeast Asia.
Grey-streaked Flycatcher
(Records )
Muscicapa griseisticta
1
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Nov 05-Nov 11, Nov 12-Nov 18
Only one confirmed past record: at a private nursery in Sembawang in Nov 2021.
Brown-breasted Flycatcher
(Records )
Muscicapa muttui
1
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Spotted Flycatcher
(Records )
Muscicapa striata
1
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Oct 15-Oct 21, Oct 22-Oct 28, Oct 29-Nov 04
Another mega vagrant to our shores, with only one record so far, in Oct 2022.
Blue-and-white Flycatcher
(Records )
Cyanoptila cyanomelana
15
13
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Feb 12-Feb 18, Nov 12-Nov 18, Nov 26-Dec 02 (1 more)
Barring the occasional photogenic male, this species is hardly seen well in Singapore due to its preference for tall trees. Immature and female birds are also not identifiable in the field from the highly similar Zappey's Flycatcher.
Zappey's Flycatcher
(Records )
Cyanoptila cumatilis
9
8
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Only adult males are identifiable in the field, as other plumages cannot be safely separated from Blue-and-white Flycatcher.
Verditer Flycatcher
(Records )
Eumyias thalassinus
1
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Chinese Blue Flycatcher
(Records )
Cyornis glaucicomans
5
3
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Feb 19-Feb 25, Feb 26-Mar 04, Mar 05-Mar 11 (4 more)
One of only two rare Cyornis flycatchers in Singapore, the other one being the Mangrove Blue Flycatcher.
Mangrove Blue Flycatcher
(Records )
Cyornis rufigastra
26
3
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Narcissus Flycatcher
(Records )
Ficedula narcissina
4
4
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
The handful of recent records have all come between the last week and Nov and mid-Dec.
Taiga Flycatcher
(Records )
Ficedula albicilla
4
4
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Feb 19-Feb 25, Feb 26-Mar 04, Mar 05-Mar 11 (3 more)
The two confirmed records before 2022 were in November or later, but a recent sighting of one bird at Berlayer Creek is a new early date.
Black Redstart
(Records )
Phoenicurus ochruros
1
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Jan 01-Jan 07, Jan 08-Jan 14, Jan 15-Jan 21 (7 more)
One of the other mega rarities of the 2021-22 migratory season, a single bird showed up at a canal in Pasir Panjang and stayed for several weeks.
Daurian Redstart
(Records )
Phoenicurus auroreus
6
5
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Feb 05-Feb 11, Feb 12-Feb 18, Feb 19-Feb 25
Singapore's list of redstarts has grown from 0 to 2 species within the last decade. This is the less rare of the two, with the other being the Black Redstart, although both are vagrants.
White-throated Rock Thrush
(Records )
Monticola gularis
10
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Most records from Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, but not recorded there since 2012. Last confirmed sighting was in Nov 2013 at Bidadari.
Blue Rock Thrush
(Records )
Monticola solitarius
32
28
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
A bird with an affinity for high-rise gardens in Singapore, as well as one of the earlier migrants, with many records in Sep. Look out for the rarer pandoo race, which has all-blue underparts.
Amur Stonechat
(Records )
Saxicola stejnegeri
33
4
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Jan 08-Jan 14, Jan 15-Jan 21, Jan 22-Jan 28
Another species that's seemingly getting rarer. Last record was in Mar 2020, at Lim Chu Kang Lane 3.
Lesser Green Leafbird
(Records )
Chloropsis cyanopogon
7
7
Complete: from Jul 2016 onwards
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Scarlet-breasted Flowerpecker
(Records )
Prionochilus thoracicus
2
2
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Thick-billed Flowerpecker
(Records )
Dicaeum agile
7
2
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Yellow-vented Flowerpecker
(Records )
Dicaeum chrysorrheum
28
10
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Ruby-cheeked Sunbird
(Records )
Chalcoparia singalensis
7
6
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Thick-billed Spiderhunter
(Records )
Arachnothera crassirostris
5
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Yellow-eared Spiderhunter
(Records )
Arachnothera chrysogenys
9
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on all records )
Citrine Wagtail
(Records )
Motacilla citreola
4
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Only one record in the past 10 years, at Kranji in Nov 2018. Often difficult to tell apart from Eastern Yellow Wagtail - check out our species page linked above for key identifying features!
Tree Pipit
(Records )
Anthus trivialis
1
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Oct 15-Oct 21, Oct 22-Oct 28, Oct 29-Nov 04
Only one record for Singapore so far, in the second half of Oct 2022.
Olive-backed Pipit
(Records )
Anthus hodgsoni
1
0
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Bar chart not displayed for this species; no records in the given time period.
Only one confirmed record, from Bidadari in Dec 2010.
Red-throated Pipit
(Records )
Anthus cervinus
26
11
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Somewhat unlike most other migrants, the largest numbers of this species are usually observed in the spring.
Black-headed Bunting
(Records )
Emberiza melanocephala
1
1
Complete
Average number of individuals by week based on Singapore Bird Database data,
Jul 2013 to Jun 2023
(all records )
Peak weeks Nov 12-Nov 18, Nov 19-Nov 25
One record in Nov 2018 added this bird to the Singapore Bird Checklist, and there have been no records since.
Black-naped Oriole
(ssp. diffusus )
Oriolus chinensis diffusus
5
5
Complete
Barn Swallow
(ssp. mandschurica? )
Hirundo rustica mandschurica?
15
14
Complete
White Wagtail
(ssp. lugens )
Motacilla alba lugens
10
9
Complete
White Wagtail
(ssp. alba )
Motacilla alba alba
1
1
Complete
Orange-headed Thrush
(ssp. aurimacula )
Geokichla citrina aurimacula
3
2
Complete
